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Excel Functions

Text

FunctionSyntaxExplanation
CONCATENATE=CONCATENATE(text1, text2, ...)Combines two or more text strings into one.
LEFT=LEFT(text, [num_chars])Returns the leftmost characters from a text string.
LEN=LEN(text)Returns the number of characters in a text string.
LOWER=LOWER(text)Converts text to lowercase.
MID=MID(text, start, num_chars)Returns a specific number of characters from a text string, starting at a specified position.
PROPER=PROPER(text)Capitalizes the first letter of each word in a text string.
REPLACE=REPLACE(old_text, start, num_chars, new_text)Replaces part of a text string with new text.
REPT=REPT(text, number_times)Repeats text a specified number of times.
RIGHT=RIGHT(text, [num_chars])Returns the rightmost characters from a text string.
SUBSTITUTE=SUBSTITUTE(text, old_text, new_text, [instance_num])Substitutes new text for old text in a text string.
TEXT=TEXT(value, format_text)Converts a value to text using a specified format.
TRIM=TRIM(text)Removes extra spaces from text.
UPPER=UPPER(text)Converts text to uppercase.

Date and Time

FunctionSyntaxExplanation
DATE=DATE(year, month, day)Returns a date from year, month, and day.
DAY=DAY(serial_number)Returns the day of the month from a date.
HOUR=HOUR(serial_number)Returns the hour from a time.
MINUTE=MINUTE(serial_number)Returns the minute from a time.
MONTH=MONTH(serial_number)Returns the month from a date.
NOW=NOW()Returns the current date and time.
SECOND=SECOND(serial_number)Returns the second from a time.
TIME=TIME(hour, minute, second)Returns a time from hour, minute, and second.
TODAY=TODAY()Returns the current date.
WEEKDAY=WEEKDAY(serial_number, [return_type])Returns the day of the week from a date.
YEAR=YEAR(serial_number)Returns the year from a date.

Math and Trigonometry

FunctionSyntaxExplanation
ABS=ABS(number)Returns the absolute value of a number.
ACOS=ACOS(number)Returns the arccosine of a number.
ASIN=ASIN(number)Returns the arcsine of a number.
ATAN=ATAN(number)Returns the arctangent of a number.
AVERAGE=AVERAGE(number1, number2, ...)Calculates the average of a set of numbers.
AVERAGEA=AVERAGEA(value1, value2, ...)Calculates the average of values, including text and logical values.
CEILING.MATH=CEILING.MATH(number, [significance], [mode])Rounds a number up to the nearest multiple of significance.
COMBIN=COMBIN(n, k)Calculates the number of combinations for a given set of objects.
COS=COS(number)Returns the cosine of an angle in radians.
COUNT=COUNT(value1, value2, ...)Counts the number of cells with data.
COUNTA=COUNTA(value1, value2, ...)Counts the number of cells that are not empty.
COUNTBLANK=COUNTBLANK(range)Counts the number of empty cells in a range.
COUNTIF=COUNTIF(range, criteria)Counts the number of cells in a range that meet a single condition.
COUNTIFS=COUNTIFS(range1, criteria1, [range2, criteria2, ...])Counts the number of cells based on multiple criteria.
DEGREES=DEGREES(number)Converts radians to degrees.
EVEN=EVEN(number)Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer.
EXP=EXP(number)Returns e raised to the power of a number.
FACT=FACT(number)Calculates the factorial of a number.
FLOOR.MATH=FLOOR.MATH(number, [significance], [mode])Rounds a number down to the nearest multiple of significance.
GCD=GCD(number1, number2, ...)Calculates the greatest common divisor of a set of numbers.
INT=INT(number)Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.
LCM=LCM(number1, number2, ...)Calculates the least common multiple of a set of numbers.
LN=LN(number)Returns the natural logarithm of a number.
LOG=LOG(number, [base])Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base.
LOG10=LOG10(number)Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number.
MAX=MAX(number1, number2, ...)Returns the highest value in a set of numbers.
MAXA=MAXA(value1, value2, ...)Returns the highest value in a set of values, including text and logical values.
MIN=MIN(number1, number2, ...)Returns the lowest value in a set of numbers.
MINA=MINA(value1, value2, ...)Returns the lowest value in a set of values, including text and logical values.
MOD=MOD(number, divisor)Returns the remainder after division.
MROUND=MROUND(number, multiple)Rounds a number to the nearest multiple.
ODD=ODD(number)Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer.
PI=PI()Returns the mathematical constant π (pi).
POWER=POWER(number, power)Raises a number to a specified power.
PRODUCT=PRODUCT(number1, number2, ...)Multiplies a range of numbers.
QUOTIENT=QUOTIENT(numerator, denominator)Returns the integer portion of a division.
RADIANS=RADIANS(number)Converts degrees to radians.
RAND=RAND()Returns a random number between 0 and 1.
RANDBETWEEN=RANDBETWEEN(bottom, top)Returns a random integer between specified values.
ROUND=ROUND(number, num_digits)Rounds a number to a specified number of digits.
ROUNDDOWN=ROUNDDOWN(number, num_digits)Rounds a number down to a specified number of digits.
ROUNDUP=ROUNDUP(number, num_digits)Rounds a number up to a specified number of digits.
SIGN=SIGN(number)Returns the sign of a number (1 for positive, -1 for negative, 0 for zero).
SIN=SIN(number)Returns the sine of an angle in radians.
SQRT=SQRT(number)Returns the square root of a number.
SQRTPI=SQRTPI(number)Returns the square root of a number multiplied by π (pi).
SUBTOTAL=SUBTOTAL(function_num, ref1, [ref2], ...)Returns a subtotal in a list or database.
SUM=SUM(number1, number2, ...)Adds a range of numbers.
SUMIF=SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])Adds the cells in a range that meet a single condition.
SUMIFS=SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2, ...])Adds the cells based on multiple criteria.
SUMPRODUCT=SUMPRODUCT(array1, array2, ...)Calculates the sum of products of corresponding values in arrays.
TAN=TAN(number)Returns the tangent of an angle in radians.
TRUNC=TRUNC(number, [num_digits])Truncates a number to a specified number of decimal places.

Logical

FunctionSyntaxExplanation
AND=AND(logical1, logical2, ...)Returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE.
FALSE=FALSE()Returns the logical value FALSE.
IF=IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])Returns one value if a condition is TRUE and another value if it's FALSE.
IFERROR=IFERROR(value, [value_if_error])Returns a value if no error is found; otherwise, returns a specified value.
IFNA=IFNA(value, [value_if_na])Returns a value if a #N/A error is found; otherwise, returns a specified value.
NOT=NOT(logical)Returns the opposite of a logical value (TRUE becomes FALSE, and vice versa).
OR=OR(logical1, logical2, ...)Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE.
TRUE=TRUE()Returns the logical value TRUE.
XOR=XOR(logical1, logical2, ...)Returns TRUE if an odd number of arguments are TRUE.

Lookup and Reference

FunctionSyntaxExplanation
CHOOSE=CHOOSE(index_num, value1, value2, ...)Returns a value from a list based on its position.
HLOOKUP=HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, [range_lookup])Searches for a value in the top row of a table and returns a corresponding value from a specified row.
INDEX=INDEX(array, row_num, [column_num])Returns a value from a table based on its row and column number.
INDIRECT=INDIRECT(ref_text, [a1])Returns a cell value specified by a text string.
LOOKUP=LOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_vector, [result_vector])Searches for a value in a range and returns a corresponding value from another range.
MATCH=MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, [match_type])Searches for a value in a range and returns its relative position.
OFFSET=OFFSET(reference, rows, columns, [height], [width])Returns a reference to a range based on a starting reference and specified rows and columns offset.
VLOOKUP=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])Searches for a value in the first column of a table and returns a corresponding value from a specified column.

Statistics

FunctionSyntaxExplanation
AVEDEV=AVEDEV(number1, number2, ...)Calculates the average of the absolute deviations from the mean.
AVERAGEIF=AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, [average_range])Calculates the average of cells in a range that meet a specified condition.
AVERAGEIFS=AVERAGEIFS(average_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2, ...])Calculates the average of cells based on multiple criteria.
BETADIST=BETADIST(x, alpha, beta, [cumulative], [lower], [upper])Calculates the probability density function for a beta distribution.
BETAINV=BETAINV(probability, alpha, beta, [lower], [upper])Calculates the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a beta distribution.
BINOM.DIST=BINOM.DIST(x, n, p, [cumulative])Calculates the probability of a binomial distribution.
BINOM.INV=BINOM.INV(probability, n, p)Calculates the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a binomial distribution.
CHISQ.DIST=CHISQ.DIST(x, deg_freedom, [cumulative])Calculates the probability density function for a chi-squared distribution.
CHISQ.DIST.RT=CHISQ.DIST.RT(x, deg_freedom)Calculates the right-tailed chi-squared distribution.
CHISQ.INV=CHISQ.INV(probability, deg_freedom)Calculates the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a chi-squared distribution.
CHISQ.INV.RT=CHISQ.INV.RT(probability, deg_freedom)Calculates the right-tailed inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a chi-squared distribution.
CHISQ.TEST=CHISQ.TEST(actual_range, expected_range)Performs a chi-squared test of independence.
CONFIDENCE.NORM=CONFIDENCE.NORM(alpha, stdev, size)Calculates the confidence interval for a normal distribution.
CORREL=CORREL(array1, array2)Calculates the correlation coefficient between two data sets.
COUNTIF=COUNTIF(range, criteria)Counts the number of cells in a range that meet a single condition.
COUNTIFS=COUNTIFS(range1, criteria1, [range2, criteria2, ...])Counts the number of cells based on multiple criteria.
COVARIANCE.P=COVARIANCE.P(array1, array2)Calculates the covariance of two data sets for a population.
COVARIANCE.S=COVARIANCE.S(array1, array2)Calculates the covariance of two data sets for a sample.
DEVSQ=DEVSQ(number1, number2, ...)Calculates the sum of the squares of deviations from the mean.
F.DIST=F.DIST(x, deg_freedom1, deg_freedom2, [cumulative])Calculates the probability density function for an F-distribution.
F.DIST.RT=F.DIST.RT(x, deg_freedom1, deg_freedom2)Calculates the right-tailed F-distribution.
F.INV=F.INV(probability, deg_freedom1, deg_freedom2)Calculates the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for an F-distribution.
F.INV.RT=F.INV.RT(probability, deg_freedom1, deg_freedom2)Calculates the right-tailed inverse of the cumulative distribution function for an F-distribution.
F.TEST=F.TEST(array1, array2)Performs an F-test to compare two sample variances.
FDIST=FDIST(x, deg_freedom1, deg_freedom2, [cumulative])Calculates the probability density function for an F-distribution.
FORECAST=FORECAST(x, data_y, data_x)Predicts a future value based on existing data.
FREQUENCY'{=FREQUENCY(data, bins)}Calculates the frequency distribution of data within specified bins. (Array formula)
GAMMADIST=GAMMADIST(x, alpha, beta, [cumulative])Calculates the probability density function for a gamma distribution.
GAMMAINV=GAMMAINV(probability, alpha, beta)Calculates the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a gamma distribution.
GAMMADIST=GAMMADIST(x, alpha, beta, [cumulative])Calculates the probability density function for a gamma distribution.
GAMMAINV=GAMMAINV(probability, alpha, beta)Calculates the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a gamma distribution.
GEOMEAN=GEOMEAN(number1, number2, ...)Calculates the geometric mean of a set of numbers.
HARMEAN=HARMEAN(number1, number2, ...)Calculates the harmonic mean of a set of numbers.
HYPGEOM.DIST=HYPGEOM.DIST(x, n, M, N, [cumulative])Calculates the probability of a hypergeometric distribution.
INTERCEPT=INTERCEPT(known_y, known_x)Calculates the y-intercept of a linear regression line.
KURT=KURT(number1, number2, ...)Calculates the kurtosis of a data set.
LARGE=LARGE(array, k)Returns the kth largest value in a data set.
LINEST=LINEST(known_y, [known_x], [const], [stats])Calculates the statistics for a line that best fits the data.
LOGEST=LOGEST(known_y, [known_x], [const], [stats])Calculates the statistics for an exponential curve that best fits the data.
LOGNORM.DIST=LOGNORM.DIST(x, mean, stdev, [cumulative])Calculates the probability density function for a log-normal distribution.
LOGNORM.INV=LOGNORM.INV(probability, mean, stdev)Calculates the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a log-normal distribution.
MAXA=MAXA(value1, value2, ...)Returns the highest value in a set of values, including text and logical values.
MEDIAN=MEDIAN(number1, number2, ...)Calculates the median of a set of numbers.
MINA=MINA(value1, value2, ...)Returns the lowest value in a set of values, including text and logical values.
MODE.MULT=MODE.MULT(number1, number2, ...)Returns a vertical array of the most frequently occurring values in a data set.
MODE.SNGL=MODE.SNGL(number1, number2, ...)Returns the most frequently occurring value in a data set.
NEGBINOM.DIST=NEGBINOM.DIST(k, r, p, [cumulative])Calculates the negative binomial distribution.
NORM.DIST=NORM.DIST(x, mean, stdev, [cumulative])Calculates the probability density function for a normal distribution.
NORM.INV=NORM.INV(probability, mean, stdev)Calculates the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a normal distribution.
NORM.S.DIST=NORM.S.DIST(x, [cumulative])Calculates the standard normal cumulative distribution function.
NORM.S.INV=NORM.S.INV(probability)Calculates the standard normal inverse cumulative distribution function.
NORMDIST=NORMDIST(x, mean, stdev, [cumulative])Calculates the probability density function for a normal distribution.
NORMINV=NORMINV(probability, mean, stdev)Calculates the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a normal distribution.
PEARSON=PEARSON(array1, array2)Calculates the Pearson correlation coefficient between two data sets.
PERCENTILE.EXC=PERCENTILE.EXC(array, k)Calculates the kth percentile of a data set, excluding the median.
PERCENTILE.INC=PERCENTILE.INC(array, k)Calculates the kth percentile of a data set, including the median.
PERCENTRANK.EXC=PERCENTRANK.EXC(array, x, [significance])Calculates the rank of a value in a data set, excluding the median.
PERCENTRANK.INC=PERCENTRANK.INC(array, x, [significance])Calculates the rank of a value in a data set, including the median.
PERMUT=PERMUT(n, k)Calculates the number of permutations for a given set of objects.
PERMUTATIONA=PERMUTATIONA(n, k)Calculates the number of permutations for a given set of objects, including repetitions.
PHI=PHI(z)Calculates the value of the standard normal cumulative distribution function.
POISSON.DIST=POISSON.DIST(x, mean, [cumulative])Calculates the Poisson distribution.
PROB=PROB(range, probability_range, [lower_limit], [upper_limit])Calculates the probability of an outcome in a given range.
QUARTILE.EXC=QUARTILE.EXC(array, quart)Calculates the quartile for a data set, excluding the median.
QUARTILE.INC=QUARTILE.INC(array, quart)Calculates the quartile for a data set, including the median.
QUARTILE.EXC=QUARTILE.EXC(array, quart)Calculates the quartile for a data set, excluding the median.
QUARTILE.INC=QUARTILE.INC(array, quart)Calculates the quartile for a data set, including the median.
RANK=RANK(number, range, [order])Calculates the rank of a number in a list.
RSQ=RSQ(known_y, known_x)Calculates the coefficient of determination (R-squared) for a linear regression line.
SKEW=SKEW(number1, number2, ...)Calculates the skewness of a data set.
SKEWP=SKEWP(number1, number2, ...)Calculates the skewness of a data set.
SLOPE=SLOPE(known_y, known_x)Calculates the slope of a linear regression line.
SMALL=SMALL(array, k)Returns the kth smallest value in a data set.
STANDARDIZE=STANDARDIZE(x, mean, stdev)Converts a value to a standard score (z-score).
STDEVP=STDEVP(number1, number2, ...)Calculates the standard deviation of a population.
STDEV.P=STDEV.P(number1, number2, ...)Calculates the standard deviation of a population.
STDEVA=STDEVA(value1, value2, ...)Calculates the standard deviation of values, including text and logical values.
STDEV.PA=STDEV.PA(value1, value2, ...)Calculates the standard deviation of values, including text and logical values.
STEYX=STEYX(known_y, known_x)Calculates the standard error of the predicted y-values in a regression analysis.
T.DIST=T.DIST(x, deg_freedom, [cumulative])Calculates the probability density function for a t-distribution.
T.DIST.2T=T.DIST.2T(x, deg_freedom)Calculates the two-tailed t-distribution.
T.DIST.RT=T.DIST.RT(x, deg_freedom)Calculates the right-tailed t-distribution.
T.INV=T.INV(probability, deg_freedom)Calculates the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a t-distribution.
T.INV.2T=T.INV.2T(probability, deg_freedom)Calculates the two-tailed inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a t-distribution.
T.TEST=T.TEST(array1, array2, [tails], [type])Performs a t-test to determine whether two samples are likely to have come from the same population.
TDIST=TDIST(x, deg_freedom, [tails])Calculates the probability density function for a t-distribution.
TREND=TREND(known_y, known_x, [new_x], [const])Predicts a y-value based on an existing set of x-values and y-values.
TRIMMEAN=TRIMMEAN(array, percent)Calculates the mean of a data set after excluding a specified percentage of data points.
VAR.P=VAR.P(number1, number2, ...)Calculates the variance of a population.
VAR.PA=VAR.PA(value1, value2, ...)Calculates the variance of values, including text and logical values, for a population.
VARP=VARP(number1, number2, ...)Calculates the variance of a population.
VARPA=VARPA(value1, value2, ...)Calculates the variance of values, including text and logical values, for a population.
Z.TEST=Z.TEST(array, [mu], [sigma])Performs a z-test to compare a sample mean to a population mean.
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